Embedded systems are highly customized, developed and programmed as per user requirements. Conventional embedded systems are electronic components that possess a microprocessor, peripherals, memory card, and software program that run instructions, operating system and tools (debuggers, static and non-programmable), and follows firmware programming embedded in the micro-chip.
Embedded systems will play an important role in Internet of Things (IoT) due to their unique characteristics and features such as real time computing, low power consumption, low maintenance and high availability are becoming the key enabler of IoT. Major players in embedded system hardware and software developments are aiming to bring these transformations into their products to take advantage of growing IoT market. The areas that are going to transform are Real Time Operating Systems (RTOS) and microprocessors and microcontrollers, followed by memory footprints and networking, open source communities and developers.
Smart embedded systems will require changing contemporary embedded system design and architecture to suit real-time operations, smaller size of the unit and lowered power consumption and become cost efficient. Use of microcontroller and technologies such as Systems on Chip (SoC) and Reduced Instruction set Computing Chips (RISC) will have greater scope in IoT.
Related to embedded systems is Real-time Operating Systems (RTOS), which is an OS that manages hardware resources, hosts applications, and processes data on real-time basis. RTOS defines the real time task processing time, interrupt latency, and longer period reliability of both hardware and applications, especially for low powered and memory constrained devices and networks. The key difference between RTOS and a general purpose OS lies within its high degree of reliability and consistency on timing between application's task acceptance and completion.
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